Cement is one of the most important building materials that are mainly used for binding. Engineers should be familiar with the cement composition. Knowledge of the cement components’ functionality is needed for this purpose. To achieve the desired cement quality, it is necessary to modify the amount of the cement component.
Composition of Cement
Cement is composed of eight main components, with the following percentage.
Components of cement and their ratios :
- Lime – 60-65%
- Silica: 17-25%
- Alumina – 3-8%
- Magnesia: 1-3%
- Iron oxide: 0.5-6%
- Calcium Sulfate: 0.1-0.5%
- Sulfur Trioxide: 1-3%
- Alkaline – 0%
Cement Components: Their Functions
These cement components are characterized by their main characteristics, including their utility and safety.
Lime
- Calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide is known as lime.
- It should not be necessary to have lime in order to produce silicates or aluminates.
- Lack of lime can reduce the strength of the cement.
- A lack of lime causes the adhesive to set quickly.
- If the glue is too lime-rich, it will become unsound.
- When the bond is over-limed, it becomes brittle and stretches.
Silica
- The chemical formula of silicon dioxide is SiO2.
- In order to make dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate, the cement should contain an adequate amount of silica.
- Silica is a strong material that gives strength to cement.
- Silica is found in cement to a maximum of 30 percent.
Alumina
- Aluminum oxide is also known as Alumina. Al2O3 is the chemical formula.
- Alumina gives the cement a rapid-setting property.
- Alumina is necessary to reduce the temperature of the clinking.
- The strength of cement is decreased when Alumina is excessive.
Magnesia
- Magnesium Oxide is the chemical formula. The chemical formula for MgO is.
- Magnesia shouldn’t be more than 2% in the cement.
- Magnesia excessively reduces the strength of cement.
Iron Oxide
- The chemical formula for Fe2O3 is Fe2O3.
- Iron oxide is used to color cement.
- It works as a flux.
- It is a chemical compound that reacts with calcium and aluminum at high temperatures to form tricalcium-aluminoferrite, which provides strength and hardness to cement.
Calcium Sulfate
- CaSO4 is a chemical formula.
- It is found in cement as gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O).
- The cement is delayed or retarded in the setting.
Sulfur Trioxide
- Chemical formula SO3
- It shouldn’t exist more than 2%.
- The cement becomes unsound if it is over-sulfurated.
Alkaline
- It shouldn’t exist more than 1%.
- Efflorescence is caused by excess alkaline matter.
It also smells foul.
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